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PHPUnit - PHP Unit Tesztelés

A PHPUnit a de facto standard PHP unit tesztelési keretrendszer. A WordPress hivatalos teszt keretrendszere is erre épül, így ideális választás bővítmények és témák teszteléséhez.

Miért PHPUnit?​

  • Standard - A legelterjedtebb PHP tesztelési keretrendszer
  • WordPress integráció - Hivatalos WP tesztelési könyvtár
  • Részletes assertions - Széles választék ellenőrzési metódusokból
  • Mocking - Beépített mock és stub támogatás
  • Coverage - Kód lefedettség mérés
  • CI/CD - Kiváló integráció

Telepítés​

Composer​

composer require --dev phpunit/phpunit

WordPress Test Library​

# WP-CLI-vel
wp scaffold plugin-tests my-plugin

# Vagy manuálisan
bash bin/install-wp-tests.sh wordpress_test root '' localhost latest

WordPress tesztelési környezet​

Telepítési script​

Hozz létre egy bin/install-wp-tests.sh fájlt:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

if [ $# -lt 3 ]; then
    echo "usage: $0 <db-name> <db-user> <db-pass> [db-host] [wp-version]"
    exit 1
fi

DB_NAME=$1
DB_USER=$2
DB_PASS=$3
DB_HOST=${4-localhost}
WP_VERSION=${5-latest}
WP_TESTS_DIR=${WP_TESTS_DIR-/tmp/wordpress-tests-lib}
WP_CORE_DIR=${WP_CORE_DIR-/tmp/wordpress}

download() {
    if [ `which curl` ]; then
        curl -s "$1" > "$2";
    elif [ `which wget` ]; then
        wget -nv -O "$2" "$1"
    fi
}

# WordPress letöltése
if [ ! -d $WP_CORE_DIR ]; then
    mkdir -p $WP_CORE_DIR
    download https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /tmp/wordpress.tar.gz
    tar --strip-components=1 -zxmf /tmp/wordpress.tar.gz -C $WP_CORE_DIR
fi

# Test library letöltése
if [ ! -d $WP_TESTS_DIR ]; then
    mkdir -p $WP_TESTS_DIR
    svn co --quiet https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk/tests/phpunit/includes/ $WP_TESTS_DIR/includes
    svn co --quiet https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk/tests/phpunit/data/ $WP_TESTS_DIR/data
fi

# wp-tests-config.php létrehozása
cat > $WP_TESTS_DIR/wp-tests-config.php <<EOF
<?php
define( 'ABSPATH', '$WP_CORE_DIR/' );
define( 'DB_NAME', '$DB_NAME' );
define( 'DB_USER', '$DB_USER' );
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '$DB_PASS' );
define( 'DB_HOST', '$DB_HOST' );
define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8' );
define( 'DB_COLLATE', '' );
\$table_prefix = 'wptests_';
define( 'WP_TESTS_DOMAIN', 'example.org' );
define( 'WP_TESTS_EMAIL', '[email protected]' );
define( 'WP_TESTS_TITLE', 'Test Blog' );
define( 'WP_PHP_BINARY', 'php' );
define( 'WPLANG', '' );
EOF

# Adatbázis létrehozása
mysql -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASS -h$DB_HOST -e "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS $DB_NAME"

Bootstrap fájl​

tests/bootstrap.php:

<?php
/**
 * PHPUnit bootstrap file
 */

$_tests_dir = getenv( 'WP_TESTS_DIR' ) ?: '/tmp/wordpress-tests-lib';

// WordPress test functions betöltése
require_once $_tests_dir . '/includes/functions.php';

/**
 * Plugin betöltése
 */
function _manually_load_plugin() {
    require dirname( __DIR__ ) . '/my-plugin.php';
}
tests_add_filter( 'muplugins_loaded', '_manually_load_plugin' );

// WordPress test bootstrap
require $_tests_dir . '/includes/bootstrap.php';

Konfigurációs fájl​

phpunit.xml​

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit.xsd"
    bootstrap="tests/bootstrap.php"
    colors="true"
    beStrictAboutOutputDuringTests="true"
    beStrictAboutTestsThatDoNotTestAnything="true"
>
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Unit">
            <directory suffix="Test.php">tests/Unit</directory>
        </testsuite>
        <testsuite name="Integration">
            <directory suffix="Test.php">tests/Integration</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>

    <coverage>
        <include>
            <directory suffix=".php">./src</directory>
            <directory suffix=".php">./includes</directory>
        </include>
        <exclude>
            <directory>./vendor</directory>
            <directory>./tests</directory>
        </exclude>
    </coverage>
</phpunit>

Alapvető tesztelés​

Első teszt​

<?php
// tests/Unit/ExampleTest.php

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase {

    public function test_addition() {
        $this->assertEquals( 4, 2 + 2 );
    }

    public function test_string_contains() {
        $this->assertStringContainsString( 'Hello', 'Hello World' );
    }
}

WordPress Test Case​

<?php
// tests/Integration/PluginTest.php

class PluginTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    public function test_plugin_is_active() {
        $this->assertTrue( is_plugin_active( 'my-plugin/my-plugin.php' ) );
    }

    public function test_shortcode_exists() {
        $this->assertTrue( shortcode_exists( 'my_shortcode' ) );
    }
}

Assertions​

Alapvető assertions​

// Egyenlőség
$this->assertEquals( $expected, $actual );
$this->assertSame( $expected, $actual ); // Strict

// Típus
$this->assertIsString( $value );
$this->assertIsInt( $value );
$this->assertIsArray( $value );
$this->assertIsBool( $value );
$this->assertIsObject( $value );
$this->assertNull( $value );

// Logikai
$this->assertTrue( $value );
$this->assertFalse( $value );

// Üresség
$this->assertEmpty( $value );
$this->assertNotEmpty( $value );

Tömb assertions​

// Tömb tartalom
$this->assertContains( 'apple', $array );
$this->assertNotContains( 'banana', $array );
$this->assertCount( 3, $array );
$this->assertArrayHasKey( 'name', $array );

// Tömb egyenlőség
$this->assertEqualsCanonicalizing( $expected, $actual ); // Sorrend nem számít

String assertions​

$this->assertStringContainsString( 'hello', $string );
$this->assertStringStartsWith( 'Hello', $string );
$this->assertStringEndsWith( 'World', $string );
$this->assertMatchesRegularExpression( '/^Hello/', $string );

Objektum assertions​

$this->assertInstanceOf( User::class, $object );
$this->assertObjectHasProperty( 'name', $object );

Exception assertions​

public function test_exception_is_thrown() {
    $this->expectException( InvalidArgumentException::class );
    $this->expectExceptionMessage( 'Invalid value' );

    throw new InvalidArgumentException( 'Invalid value' );
}

WordPress specifikus tesztek​

Post tesztelés​

class PostTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    public function test_can_create_post() {
        $post_id = $this->factory->post->create( [
            'post_title'   => 'Test Post',
            'post_content' => 'Test content',
            'post_status'  => 'publish',
        ] );

        $this->assertIsInt( $post_id );
        $this->assertGreaterThan( 0, $post_id );

        $post = get_post( $post_id );
        $this->assertEquals( 'Test Post', $post->post_title );
    }

    public function test_can_update_post_meta() {
        $post_id = $this->factory->post->create();

        update_post_meta( $post_id, 'custom_field', 'custom_value' );

        $this->assertEquals(
            'custom_value',
            get_post_meta( $post_id, 'custom_field', true )
        );
    }
}

User tesztelés​

class UserTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    public function test_can_create_user() {
        $user_id = $this->factory->user->create( [
            'user_login' => 'testuser',
            'user_email' => '[email protected]',
            'role'       => 'editor',
        ] );

        $user = get_user_by( 'id', $user_id );

        $this->assertEquals( 'testuser', $user->user_login );
        $this->assertTrue( in_array( 'editor', $user->roles, true ) );
    }

    public function test_user_capabilities() {
        $user_id = $this->factory->user->create( [ 'role' => 'editor' ] );
        $user    = new WP_User( $user_id );

        $this->assertTrue( $user->has_cap( 'edit_posts' ) );
        $this->assertFalse( $user->has_cap( 'manage_options' ) );
    }
}

Taxonomy tesztelés​

class TaxonomyTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    public function test_can_create_term() {
        $term = $this->factory->term->create_and_get( [
            'taxonomy' => 'category',
            'name'     => 'Test Category',
        ] );

        $this->assertInstanceOf( WP_Term::class, $term );
        $this->assertEquals( 'Test Category', $term->name );
    }
}

AJAX tesztelés​

class AjaxTest extends WP_Ajax_UnitTestCase {

    public function test_ajax_handler() {
        // Admin bejelentkeztetése
        $this->_setRole( 'administrator' );

        // POST adatok beállítása
        $_POST['action'] = 'my_ajax_action';
        $_POST['data']   = 'test';
        $_POST['nonce']  = wp_create_nonce( 'my_nonce' );

        // AJAX hívás
        try {
            $this->_handleAjax( 'my_ajax_action' );
        } catch ( WPAjaxDieContinueException $e ) {
            // Normális viselkedés
        }

        // Válasz ellenőrzése
        $response = json_decode( $this->_last_response );
        $this->assertTrue( $response->success );
    }
}

REST API tesztelés​

class RestApiTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    public function test_rest_endpoint() {
        // Post létrehozása
        $post_id = $this->factory->post->create( [
            'post_status' => 'publish',
        ] );

        // REST request
        $request  = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', '/wp/v2/posts/' . $post_id );
        $response = rest_do_request( $request );

        $this->assertEquals( 200, $response->get_status() );

        $data = $response->get_data();
        $this->assertEquals( $post_id, $data['id'] );
    }

    public function test_custom_endpoint() {
        $request  = new WP_REST_Request( 'GET', '/my-plugin/v1/data' );
        $response = rest_do_request( $request );

        $this->assertEquals( 200, $response->get_status() );
        $this->assertArrayHasKey( 'success', $response->get_data() );
    }
}

Fixtures és Setup​

setUp és tearDown​

class MyPluginTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    private $post_id;

    public function setUp(): void {
        parent::setUp();

        // Teszt előkészítés
        $this->post_id = $this->factory->post->create();
    }

    public function tearDown(): void {
        // Takarítás
        wp_delete_post( $this->post_id, true );

        parent::tearDown();
    }

    public function test_post_exists() {
        $this->assertNotNull( get_post( $this->post_id ) );
    }
}

setUpBeforeClass​

class DatabaseTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    private static $table_name;

    public static function setUpBeforeClass(): void {
        parent::setUpBeforeClass();

        global $wpdb;
        self::$table_name = $wpdb->prefix . 'test_table';

        // Tábla létrehozása egyszer
        $wpdb->query( "CREATE TABLE " . self::$table_name . " (
            id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
            name VARCHAR(255)
        )" );
    }

    public static function tearDownAfterClass(): void {
        global $wpdb;
        $wpdb->query( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " . self::$table_name );

        parent::tearDownAfterClass();
    }
}

Data Providers​

class ValidationTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    /**
     * @dataProvider emailProvider
     */
    public function test_email_validation( string $email, bool $expected ) {
        $this->assertEquals( $expected, is_email( $email ) !== false );
    }

    public function emailProvider(): array {
        return [
            'valid email'      => [ '[email protected]', true ],
            'invalid email'    => [ 'invalid-email', false ],
            'another valid'    => [ '[email protected]', true ],
            'empty string'     => [ '', false ],
            'with subdomain'   => [ '[email protected]', true ],
        ];
    }
}

Mocking​

Mock objektumok​

public function test_with_mock() {
    $mock = $this->createMock( MyService::class );

    $mock->expects( $this->once() )
         ->method( 'getData' )
         ->willReturn( [ 'key' => 'value' ] );

    $result = $mock->getData();

    $this->assertEquals( [ 'key' => 'value' ], $result );
}

Stub objektumok​

public function test_with_stub() {
    $stub = $this->createStub( Repository::class );

    $stub->method( 'find' )
         ->willReturn( new User( [ 'name' => 'John' ] ) );

    $service = new UserService( $stub );
    $user    = $service->getUser( 1 );

    $this->assertEquals( 'John', $user->name );
}

WordPress függvények mocking​

// WP_Mock könyvtár használatával
public function test_wp_function_mock() {
    \WP_Mock::userFunction( 'get_option' )
        ->once()
        ->with( 'my_option' )
        ->andReturn( 'my_value' );

    $result = get_option( 'my_option' );

    $this->assertEquals( 'my_value', $result );
}

Hook tesztelés​

class HooksTest extends WP_UnitTestCase {

    public function test_filter_modifies_content() {
        // Filter regisztrálása (pluginban)
        add_filter( 'the_content', function( $content ) {
            return $content . '<p>Added by plugin</p>';
        } );

        $result = apply_filters( 'the_content', 'Original' );

        $this->assertStringContainsString( 'Added by plugin', $result );
    }

    public function test_action_is_fired() {
        $fired = false;

        add_action( 'my_plugin_action', function() use ( &$fired ) {
            $fired = true;
        } );

        do_action( 'my_plugin_action' );

        $this->assertTrue( $fired );
    }
}

Coverage (lefedettség)​

Coverage futtatás​

# HTML report
./vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-html coverage/

# Text output
./vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-text

# Clover XML (CI-hez)
./vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-clover coverage.xml

Coverage szűrés​

<coverage>
    <include>
        <directory suffix=".php">./src</directory>
    </include>
    <exclude>
        <file>./src/bootstrap.php</file>
        <directory>./src/views</directory>
    </exclude>
</coverage>

CI/CD integráció​

GitHub Actions​

name: Tests

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    services:
      mysql:
        image: mysql:8.0
        env:
          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
          MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress_test
        ports:
          - 3306:3306
        options: --health-cmd="mysqladmin ping" --health-interval=10s --health-timeout=5s --health-retries=3

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup PHP
        uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
        with:
          php-version: '8.2'
          extensions: mysqli
          coverage: xdebug

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: composer install

      - name: Install WP Test Suite
        run: bash bin/install-wp-tests.sh wordpress_test root root 127.0.0.1

      - name: Run tests
        run: ./vendor/bin/phpunit --coverage-clover coverage.xml

      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
        with:
          file: ./coverage.xml

Hasznos parancsok​

# Összes teszt futtatása
./vendor/bin/phpunit

# Specifikus teszt fájl
./vendor/bin/phpunit tests/Unit/MyTest.php

# Specifikus teszt metódus
./vendor/bin/phpunit --filter test_my_method

# Testsuite futtatása
./vendor/bin/phpunit --testsuite Unit

# Verbose output
./vendor/bin/phpunit --verbose

# Stop on failure
./vendor/bin/phpunit --stop-on-failure

Források​